A review of economic growth and financial development literature

An audit of monetary development and money related advancement writing Presentation It is the desire of each nation to acknowledge improved and practical monetary development and money related advancement so as to improve the expectations for everyday comforts of the best larger part among its populace. Improved monetary and budgetary advancement is additionally key to a country’s capacity to protect its endurance in a world that is progressively confronting vulnerabilities, and unforeseeable risks.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on An audit of monetary development and money related improvement writing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More For these reasons, nations with visionary and improvement cognizant pioneers devise the most achievable monetary outlines that can empower them to arrive at more prominent statures of financial and money related achievement. As a general rule, a formative state is a result of prevalent monetary structure; not mishap, possibility, or supernatural occurrence. That is the severe tr uth that the world’s poor and creating countries’ pioneers must grasp or sentence their nations to terminal monetary and budgetary stagnation. This paper is an audit of China’s monetary development and money related turn of events. Monetary development Economic development alludes to an ascent in the limit of a nation to produce products and ventures, as thought about starting with one time of its history then onto the next (Barro Sala-I-Martin 2004, p.52). Monetary development is estimated in genuine and ostensible terms (Cipher Dietz 2008, p.33). Ostensible terms incorporate expansion while genuine terms are balanced for swelling. Near investigations of monetary development of various nations use GDP or GNP per capita on the grounds that these factors consider populace contrasts between nations (Cipher Dietz 2008, p.33). Monetary development is regularly credited to innovative progression in a given society (Barro Sala-I-Martin 2004, p.52). US is a prime model where tremendous financial development was acknowledged after the presentation of the web innovation. It is appropriate to take note of that, the development of a country’s economy ought not be found as far as an expansion in its gainful limit in particular, yet in addition as an improvement in the personal satisfaction of its populace. To put it plainly, financial development is a procedure through which a country’s riches collects over an all-inclusive period. In this way, financial development can best be thought of as a procedure of transformation.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Fitzgerald, a country’s long haul feasible monetary development relies upon its capacity to expand its pace of aggregating physical and human capital, to utilize the subsequent beneficial resources all the more effectively and assurance the scope of t he whole populace to these benefits (2006, p.1). Money related Development Financial advancement alludes to the â€Å"creation and extension of instruments, establishments and markets that help a country’s venture and monetary development process† (Fitzgerald 2006, p.1; King Levine 1993, p.3). Banks and non-banking money related mediators, for example, financial exchanges and benefits reserves â€Å"play the job of making an interpretation of family unit reserve funds into big business venture, watch out for speculations and appropriate assets, just as, to cost and relieve risks† (Fitzgerald 2006, p.1). Money related intermediation gives liquidity with the goal that organizations can work the new limits effectively. A few market analysts hold that, money related turn of events and monetary development are personally related (Jeanneney et al 2008, p.3). Money related improvement impacts a country’s financial development, and assists with easing destitution on the grounds that monetary development is a possible method of lessening neediness (Jeanneney et al 2008, p.3). Money related improvement reduces destitution in a roundabout way by inspiring development, and legitimately by upgrading exchanges and empowering the poor to pick up from budgetary administrations that raise their pay, which encourage their capacity to embrace profitable speculations and different exercises. Writing survey on China’s monetary development and budgetary improvement The People’s Republic of China, famously known as China is the most crowded nation with over 1.3 billion residents. It is arranged in East Asia (LaFleur 2003, P.3). It is a by law one-party state administered by the Communist Party of China (CPC) (LaFleur 2003, P.3). China is the third biggest nation by an absolute region and the second biggest via land zone (LaFleur 2003, p.3). During 1990s, the global network began to recognize that China’s economy is self-persuaded and quickly developing; in this way, its quick development would proceed for quite a while (Chow 1994, p.1). Today, china is one of the quickest developing economies internationally.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on A survey of monetary development and money related improvement writing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since 1978 when financial advancement was presented in China, China’s venture and fare drove economy has grown multiple times greater and is at present the quickest developing driving economy on the planet (Wang et al 2007, p.85; Bramall 2009, p.464). As per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), during the period 2001-2010, China’s yearly normal GDP development was 10.5 percent. This development is foreseen to develop at 9.5 percent during the period 2011-2015 (Morrison 2011, p.2). Somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2010; China’s monetary development rate was equal to the entirety of the G7 nations set up (Morr ison 2011, p.2). The connection between monetary development and money related improvement has set off an extended discussion from Smith to Schumpeter. As per research results throughout the years, money related improvement invigorates financial development (Burzynska 2009, p.8). He contended that by means of the administrations that monetary go-betweens realize like activating reserve funds, containing hazard and upgrading exchanges mechanical and financial improvement is roused (Burzynska 2009, p.8). For him, money related mediators encourage mechanical advancement. Mechanical headway as per Schumpeter is a procedure of ceaseless replacement of old creation strategies and merchandise with improved procedures, administrations and products by advancement and development (Burzynska 2009, p.8). It has for quite some time been concurred among business analysts that budgetary establishments can upgrade monetary development. For example, Hicks put accentuation on capital arrangement, whi ch he contended can be impacted by monetary go-betweens by either changing investment funds rate or by redistributing reserve funds among various capital producing advances. There are, in any case, recognized business analysts who restrict the view that money related advancements invigorate financial development. For instance, for Robinson an economy where undertaking is driving account improvement follows (Robinson 1952, p.43). At the end of the day, money related improvement happens as a programmed reaction to rising changed budgetary needs. Different researchers were worried that market analysts overemphasized the significance money related factor in financial development (Lucas 1988, p.4).Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Budgetary delegates assume six primary jobs. In the first place, they pool family unit investment funds and make them accessible for loaning (Burzynska 2009, p.9). Doing so lessens exchange costs for firms, just as, family units themselves. Besides, monetary delegates disseminate reserve funds and choose who gets credits (Burzynska 2009, p.9). Thirdly, money related foundations moderate the general dangers of working together by method of spreading investor’s assets among the various speculation openings. Fourth, they produce liquidity. Fifth money related in circumstances encourage exchange by broadening credit and ensuring installment (Burzynska 2009, p.9). At long last, they apply corporate control and observing of supervisors. An appropriately working money related framework ought to guarantee expanded reserve funds and ventures which either through capital collection or innovative change prompts ascend in yield and thus financial development (Burzynska 2009, p.9). Chinaâ €™s remarkable monetary development during the most recent two decades has pulled in impressive consideration especially from business analysts. Most experimental examinations show that improvement in China’s efficiency can represent a significant bit of its striking development (Morrison 2011, p.5). The wellspring of China’s amazing development has two perspectives to be specific residential and global despite the fact that the two are personally related. Since 1978, China sponsored unhindered commerce and step by step expelled exchange limitations. The administration changed its arrangement of the executives of remote exchange by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and gave commonplace governments a generous self-rule in outside exchange and allowed private area to participate in outside exchange (Morrison 2011, p.2; Chow 2005, p1). As per Chow (2005), during the period 1978 to 2002, complete volume of fares and imports rose from $ 20.64 billion to a faltering $620.8 b illion of every 2002. This represented 65 % of china’s GDP and a development pace of 35% every year (Chow 2005, p.1). Thus, China turned into the third biggest exchanging economy behind Germany and the United States. Presents Chinese fares are discovered everywhere throughout the world. In the year 2001, China gained World exchange Organization participation. WTO pushed it to bring down its levies for made and agrarian items (Chow 2005, p.1; Bao et al 2006, p.181). The bringing of levies brought down to build rivalry among Chinese makers and ranchers and wound up giving economical items to Chinese customers. As per Chow (2005), outside exchange has supported China’s monetary

Gold buying trends and investment in saudi arabia Research Paper

Gold purchasing patterns and interest in saudi arabia - Research Paper Example These conditions show showcase disappointment since the financial specialists don't know about the potential chances (Trivedi and Behera 2012). Land speculation is the most favored choice among the Saudi Arabian financial specialists in contrast with gold (Smith 2011). Such happens since the financing costs are low, the earth has a higher liquidity, there is a populace increment and the interest for lodging is high (Kelly 2011). Additionally, the administration doesn't have satisfactory lodging ventures, which shows why speculators adventure on this chance of land speculation. Then again, ladies delineate a suitable market for the gold since they make a solid interest for the item. Ladies need gold for endowments and gems they speak to during services (Rivlin 2009). Be that as it may, unexpected increment in the cost of gold makes ladies not to purchase gems and spotlight on other elective products. By and by, it is foreseen that as the populace expands, the interest for gold will increment. Since old progress in the Hejaz zone, Jeddah makes an interesting gold market (Karunagaran 2013). This is on the grounds that Jeddah has an ocean port and goes about as a principle door to al medina and Makah, which makes it a key market for gold on yearly premise during the facilitating of the pioneers. Saudi Arabian Investors are additionally arranged on financial exercises, which are identified with mineral fills. Such happens since the nation is associated with the exportation of mineral powers (Middle East Monitor: Gulf 2014). Different financial specialists center around outside immediate and aberrant ventures since they view such speculations as worthwhile as far as the profits on their speculations and income on benefits. Their significant focal point of remote speculations is in the United Kingdom, Japan, United States, Germany, France and Switzerland (Erb and Harvey 2013). Financial specialists favor other elective ventures rather than gold since they think about such speculations to have low dangers in contrast with gold exchange venture.

Announcing the Winner of the 2019 ServiceScape Short Story Award

Announcing the Winner of the 2019 ServiceScape Short Story Award ServiceScape is pleased to announce the winner of the 2019 Short Story Award: Carl Lakeland, from Snake Valley, Australia. Carl grew up during the early seventies in the western suburbs of Sydney. Having enlisted in the military at the age of seventeen, he uses his experience to create powerful and engaging speculative fiction.Carl Lakeland, author and winner of the 2019 Servicescape Short Story AwardYou can find his winning submission below. We hope you enjoy reading it and we look forward to reading more great submissions for our 2020 award.The Angel and the Mad ManBy Carl LakelandShortly after I was shown a cushy-looking lounge that smelled of old leather, and looked as though it was recovered from a shipwreck, I sat slowly down and I wondered how I would ever get myself back up. I was then told by someone more knowing than myself, that a child will process trauma in unique ways. Young minds will either switch off painful happenings as though a section of mind poses as a guardian, almost as if its detached from the being; almost as if its duty-bound to protect little souls from damaging images. Or, memories wont be shut down. They will persist â€" memories, alive, and in vivid colour. Memories, which haunt and hurt; and will not go away. My memory of my father. My memory of my mother. And . . . of Charlotte.* * *My mother had switched off everything that used electricity. The fridge. The dishwasher. The radio that she loved so much on Sunday afternoons while she sat in her easy chair and spun Merino wool into long curly skeins. The tall clock that demanded attention at the end of the hall stood proud but no longer ticked. There was no whirring of the Whirlpool from the laundry. There was no scent of freshly baked lamingtons or vanilla slices from the kitchen. There were no songs by Hi-Five from the television in the living room. There was no laughter. There was no happiness. There was nothing. And everything was dark.After pulling down all the blinds, my mot her scurried around the place, and with her hands visibly shaking, she reached with her trembling fingers, clawing at power points and switches. She raced methodically from one switch to another, muttering to herself as though somewhere in her mind there was a method in the things she was doing. But I could see it on her face. Her skin was sweaty. I was just old enough to recognise panic. I was old enough to feel brewing terror that made my skin feel incredibly hot. I remember as my mother scampered around the place; I kept telling myself it was just a game. It was, of course, no game at all. Quickly, Angelique. We have to hide, my mother said with a voice that crackled and quivered.My mothers eyes darted here and there. Was she trying to decide the best place in the house for us to hide? We had no basement or attic. There was only one place inside the house which had a lock behind the door â€" the bathroom. I remember there were so many times, I got into trouble if I stayed in the shower for too long. The door was locked. Nobody could do anything about it. My mother made the decision to hide in there as soon as she grabbed me tightly by the top of my arm. She pulled me forcefully into the cold darkness behind the shower curtain. In the bathtub, we both quietly sat down facing each other. My mothers facial expression was steady as she appeared to listen for signs of movement from the outside of our house.Mum?Shhh. Well be safe in here, she said.But Mum, Dad will know were home. Our car is at the end of the driveway. Hell come looking for us as soon as he gets inside.He cant get in. He doesnt have a key. Ive changed all the locks. And hell think were at Maggies house.If my father knew we were at Maggies house, hed never go looking there. Maggies husband was an Alice Springs police officer. And not only that, he was a sergeant, I recall thinking. My father and Theo were always at each other. Theo sometimes brought my drunken father home late at night and dumped him near our front door. My young mind began to put things together. What my mother was trying to achieve was to give my father a decoy. Hed turn up at our house and find he wasnt able to enter. Hed put his ear up to the door and listen for anything inside. My father would then most likely choose to meet with his mates at the pub. And maybe an afternoon punting at the TAB. Thats how my mother had explained it. She said it to me in plain words and sentences like I was already an adult. Then after she was done, she began to cry.Mum, youre scaring me.My mother pulled me into her chest and wrapped her arms around me. I remember feeling nothing could ever hurt us. Any ten-year-old would be comforted. But I was also cautious. I was also vigilant. Why did Uncle Scotty have to show up and ruin everything?* * *As I sat in the cold and darkened bathroom with my mother, who seemed to be thinking of ways to get us out of danger, I reflected briefly on the horrible things that had happened. I re membered the blue, square, object that Uncle Scotty had given her after he arrived so urgently on our front porch. My uncles tone of voice said he was hopelessly in a mad flap. You need to get this to Maggie, I heard him say. Id do it, but I cant, love. If I approach Maggie, Im done.I recall as I stood and peered through the living room window, my Uncle Scotty gave my mother something else. It was something that looked like a handkerchief. A piece of cloth with something printed on it. He took it from his pocket and thrust it into my mothers hand. These are the decryption codes for the computer disk, he said.So, what am I supposed to do with them?Alisha. Get them to Maggie. Find a way. Shell know what to do next.And Franco? Any ideas where he is right now?Scotty immediately answered without a breath. Hes most likely down the pub gettin plastered. Maybe . . . Im not sure. You cant be sure? This place is so much better when youre both away on work. The two of you shouldve stayed at Pi ne Gap! My mother sucked back a big gulp of air and paused a beat. How much time do we have before he shows up?Youve got as much time as it takes to grab a few things and get out, I reckon. Grab your kit and go. Right-bloody-now.After Scotty launched himself from the porch, ran to his car and drove away, my mother slowly closed the front door. She turned and looked down at me. Ill never forget her face. Her skin was paper white. Her eyes had become glassy like they were full of fear and sadness. I knew she tried her best to hide her true feelings from me. I could see straight through her. I knew what was really going on.Angelique, we have to pack a bag and get ready to go. Quickly now, kiddo.I sprinted into my room, thinking about the things I needed to pack. I slid open my wardrobe door and grabbed my rucksack from the hanger. My mind immediately thought about my camera and photos. They were up on a high shelf. I often wondered why my mother had placed them up so high that it was d ifficult for me to get to them. My toes almost broke with my weight as I reached up to grab them. I jumped and missed. I jumped and missed again. It was no good. Then, I used the bed as a trampoline. That worked amazingly well, and I had my camera and all my photo albums, all at once.After ramming my most precious items into my rucksack, I grabbed some of my clothes from my dresser and quickly formed them into a tight ball, shoving them in so hard I swore they were going to burst through the bottom. My mother stepped inside my room as I was finishing up. She brought the objects in that Scotty gave her. She showed them to me. If anything bad happens, make sure Maggie gets these things. My mother then slipped the blue computer disk and codes into the top pocket of the rucksack. As soon as she was done tightening the straps, she held out her hand to me. Lets go, she said. Fuck this place.We were only five footsteps from my bedroom door when that sound of someone pushing a key into a ke yhole, punched through the silence. My mother instantly crouched and pushed me down next to her. She put a finger up to her lips. I knew what it meant. Not a sound. Not a movement. Just like the game we used to play called quiet as a mouse.As we both crouched, whoever it was at the front door continued to scratch away at the lock. Then, the Mad Man made himself known.Alisha!My mother looked at me with terror sitting in her red-rimmed eyes. She again pushed her finger up to her lips. When she removed her finger, she tried to give me a comforting smile. But the corners of her mouth refused to cooperate.Alisha! Open the bloody door! My father bashed the door a couple of times.Dont say anything, my mother said in a whisper so low, it was difficult to hear. But then she physically turned me around and gave me a gentle push toward my bedroom. Go. Quietly, she whispered.Alisha. Open the door! My key wont fit the bloody lock!I couldnt be sure how many times my father had yelled out and dema nded to be let inside. Each time he yelled out, his voice raised in obvious frustration. His bashing at the door became louder and heavier. Then, there was no sound at all. He was gone. And my mother immediately began shutting things down and switching things off.* * *In the darkness of the bathroom from behind the shower curtain, we both waited in the cold silence. I could feel the steady beat of my mothers heart through her chest as she held me tightly in her arms. Sometimes her heartbeat would begin to race as soon as a sound from outside could be heard. But through it all, it occurred to me; we couldve easily used the time to exit through the back door and get far away. It mightve worked out better than being boxed in. We couldve already arrived at Maggies house. And after having arrived there, we couldve been safe from the rage of my drunken father. Things and events could have been drastically different than they turned out. It was a moment in time that has stayed with me for my entire life. I keep asking myself the same question. Why didnt we just go? In that precise moment? Why? All through my twenties. All through my thirties. Even to this very minute, it still causes me heartache. It still causes nightmares and chills me awake. Why cant I just go back and change anything? Why?It was as though my mother had the same thought as me, and at the same time. She let go of me and looked down into my eyes. She seemed so much better without any panic. I was even able to breathe long breaths again. Time to go, eh kiddo?I nodded my happiness, but the joy was immediately broken with the sound of someone scraping at the lock in the back door. My father was back from wherever hed gone. He was angry. I could hear it in his tone. Alisha! Youve bloody-well changed the back-door lock too? What have you done? Are you doing this just to make me angry? Alisha! This is my house too. Let-me-in!I shrunk from my fathers rage. Mum!My mother pulled me into her arms again. Its o kay kiddo. But I want you to understand something. Listen to me; this is so important. Whatever happens, run. Run as fast as you can. Take the rucksack and run to Maggies. Dont look back. Dont worry about me. Just run. Do you hear me? Just run. I nodded, hoping my mother could feel my response on her chest. Thats good. You know what you need to do. Thats good. It was as though my mother had said those final words to herself rather than to me. It was after shed said it, I noticed for the first time how badly she was trembling.But then, silence ensued once again. We both waited. We both listened out for the slightest of sounds. It was as though my father had finally left. Each moment felt more like hours, and we waited.SMASH!I heard a window somewhere near the back of the house, cave in and shatter.MUM!My mother pulled me in tighter. Much tighter than before.I heard my father stomping with heavy footsteps around the house. Alisha! Where are you? Are you home? Angelique?My mother immed iately got out of the bathtub and went to the window. She used both her hands to push the ages-old window up, but it wouldnt budge. She put her entire weight behind it. It was no good.Smash it, Mum. Just smash it.No good, kiddo. The glass has got wire in it.Then, my fathers footsteps stopped at the bathroom door. I could hear him breathing as though hed pushed his face up close to the door jamb. My mother put her hand over my mouth. She placed her lips right next to my left ear and whispered, Not a word, kiddo. Shhh.Cmon Alisha, I know youre in there. Angelique. I know youre both there. The cars outside, remember? Im tired, and I need a lie-down. Cmon out and well chat a while. Maybe, Ill put a few snags on the barbie. What do ya reckon?For some reason, my mother took her hand away from my mouth. Perhaps it was a moment of weakness. Maybe she was about to get up and let my father in. I couldnt let her do that. I had to stop her. I seized the opportunity and I shouted, Just go away a nd leave us alone!Kiddo! What have you done? Didnt I say not a word?Ya see? I knew you were both at home. Now, cmon out, the two of ya. This is being silly; dont ya reckon?Go away, Franco. Take the car keys; theyre on the kitchen bench. Go away and leave us in peace.Peace? Doya want peace? Ill show ya fucking peace! It was like my fathers rage came rushing up from wherever hed put it last. This time, he beat heavily on the door. Dont make me break this door in, Alisha. I will break it if I need to. Come out! Come out now!I screamed as loud as I could. I hoped my high pitch squeal was enough to grab anybodys attention who might be in range. Perhaps the people from next door would hear. Maybe theyd call Theo Mack, and hed rush down here with his siren blaring and his lights flashing. But even for someone as young as I was at the time, I knew it wasnt likely.Then it was like a miracle. Suddenly, my fathers footsteps walked away. I heard him walk through the kitchen, grabbing at the key s that my mother had told him were on the bench. I heard him a couple of minutes later start the car. The car reversed up the driveway, and my father was gone. It was like a weight had been lifted from my spirits. Even my mother looked happier than she was only a moment ago. We both cautiously exited the bathroom. I ran straight for my bedroom and picked up my rucksack. Come on Mum; we need to get going to Maggies. Lets go. I was happy that I could make a suggestion. My mother even laughed a little under her breath. Oh, I see. Youre making all the calls now, huh?Lets go, Mum, lets go.We were about to leave.We were both about to exit our house of horrors, and I couldnt have cared less if it was for the last time in my young life. I was happy to be away and to be safe. But just as we were at the back door, my mother suddenly stopped her forward momentum. I grabbed her arm and pulled her. Whats wrong? Cmon Mum. Were running out of time.No, kiddo. Well stay here. Your father already kno ws where were going, and hell be waiting for us somewhere.I watched in dismay as my mother closed the back door, then grabbed a chair from the dining room. She brought the chair back with her and wedged the chair under the doorknob. Ill make a phone call to Theo Mack, and he can sort this out; once and for all.I couldnt believe what I was seeing. We had the chance to get away, and it was gone. Even if it was only to the house next door. Even if that were the case, wed still be away. But now . . . we were again trapped. There was only one thing left for me to do. And that was to get under my bed as far as I could get and hide. I ran there. I ran to my bedroom while my mother picked up the phone. I heard her jiggle the hanger a couple of times. Hello? Another jiggle. Another jiggle. Hello! I heard my mother draw an annoyed sigh before she banged the handset hard down. Shit!As I lay hidden under my bed, my eyes began to fill with tears. I was now more scared than I can ever remember. I only hoped the chair at the back door was strong enough to keep my father out. Just as I had that thought, the back door literally exploded into what I thought must be more than a thousand pieces.I hurried out from under my bed and raced to the back door to where my father was standing in the aperture; a gigantic sledgehammer dangled ominously from his grip. It occurred to me then that this was his solution to him being locked out of the bathroom. I realised much later in life, had my mother and I still been in there, we wouldve been much more boxed in and vulnerable than we already were. Maybe my father wouldve killed us both.As I stood, shocked, seeing my father with his face that told of nothing but hatred and anger, I managed to catch sight of my mother as she suddenly burst past me. Get out! Get out! Get out! my mother screamed with words that still chill me after all this time. She tried with all her weight to push my father back through the door. He grabbed my mother and spu n her around. He locked his elbow around the base of her throat and squeezed. Now, none of that, my father said in cold tone. You dont have to be all pushy. Ill go. But you know what I want dont ya? I want those things my mate Scotty-Blue gave ya. I know you have the disk and codes. Give them to me, and Im gone, Alisha.My mother managed some words through her squeezed neck. Franco . . . Whatre you talking about?Dont play games with me. Dont-you-fucking-play-games-with-me!I picked up my rucksack and threw it at my father with all the strength I had in my body. Leave my mother ALONE!Angelique . . . run. Run, Angelique. RUN!My father laughed at me. He laughed hard, and sardonically like hed seen something so very funny. He let my mother go. But only for a second. It was like he had all the power. He quickly gathered her up and choked her all over again.Angelique! RUN!No Mum. I cant leave you!Just . . . run . . . kiddo!My father squeezed his elbow around my mothers throat harder than be fore. Her face immediately went cherry red. Her eyes bulged, and I saw blood at the corners of her eyelids. She tried to say something, but it never came out. Her body went limp, and after my father let go of her, she slid slowly to the floor. Then, my father turned his attention on me. He reached and grabbed a handful of my hair. I remember the hot pain on my scalp as he picked me up and swung me. I floated only inches above the floor. Youre going in your bloody room and youre gonna STAY THERE!After my father had thrown me through the doorway, I again slid under my bed as far as I could get. My cheeks felt raw and wet as I cried uncontrollably. But my father paused, laughing at me like my sobbing was one of the funniest things hed ever seen. Before slamming my door closed, he shouted, And dont come out. OR ELSE!* * *While I lay there, I listened as my father stomped around the house. I heard drawers being rummaged through then slammed closed. I heard cupboard doors being opened and the contents thrown about the place. I heard pots and pans clanging. I heard glass being broken. I heard more rummaging and doors and drawers being opened then slammed shut. I heard my father racing around the house. Where is it? What have you done with it? I dont know what youre talking about, Franco. You must be out of your mind. Go back to your mates at the pub. Maybe they know where it is what youre looking for.I was glad I heard my mothers voice, but I was also terribly afraid for her. I heard my fathers heavy footsteps rush across the floor. Then, the ugly sound of his fist connecting with flesh.NOOO! I scampered madly from under my bed and ran out of my room. I saw my father standing over my mother. I launched myself onto my fathers back, I began beating him as hard as I could.My mother pleaded with me; her voice sounding so dry. Angelique. Stop. Please stop, Im okay.Before I had the opportunity to do more damage, my father peeled me off his back. He again lifted me by my ha ir and carried me to my bedroom. He tossed me like a pendulum with such force, I flew through the air and landed heavily on my bed. I grabbed my pillow and buried my face as I cried harder than Id ever known.Outside my room, I heard them arguing. The bickering went on and on and on. He wanted whatever he wanted, and she wasnt about to let him have it. Back and forth, they fought. Sometimes it was physical with the sickening sounds fleshy beatings. If I knew my mother, shed give back just as much as what she was given. Maybe that would make things worse. She screamed at him. He yelled back at her. Hurtful and spiteful. Cruel and cutting. Words and sounds a child should never have to endure. But suddenly, everything stopped.I felt an urge rip up through my body. I felt as though there were eyes upon me. There was something outside of my bedroom window, I just knew it. Looking out, I saw an eagle had settled and had found a perch on the back fence. The moment the eagles eyes made conta ct with mine, I knew it was not just any eagle, but it had to be my eagle. It was Charlotte.It was at that moment that all my sadness and hurt had melted away. I felt strength replace the weakness in my body. I sprinted from my room and out through the back door. I cut a short distance across the backyard toward where Charlotte was busy, happily preening her feathers as though she was making herself beautiful just for me. I couldnt have been happier than in that moment. It was one of the most delightful times of my life. As I approached Charlotte, it was as though she beckoned me closer, and when I got there, she put her head down and flared out her huge wings in a warm gesture of hello.I dont know how long I was there in Charlottes company. It seemed like only minutes. But after Charlotte had lifted her head up again, she appeared to become startled. She turned away from me and put her head down. She looked over her shoulder one last time before she launched into the sky; her huge wingspan compressing the air as she lifted herself up.I stood back and watched Charlotte disappear into the afternoon sun. And after shed gone, my thoughts returned to the horrors of which I was given just a small amount of respite. Remembering my fathers words to not come out of my room, I turned to head back into the house, but instantly, my legs stopped carrying me forward.Time to come in, love. Its gonna be tea time soon, my father said as he stood there on the back veranda, watching me.But in my mind, a warning sounded, and somehow, I knew not to go to him. As he repeated the same sentence over, I noticed the sledgehammer in my fathers grip. I noticed the thick dark coloured blood that dripped steadily from the once shiny steel head. I noticed the red stains on his white singlet. I noticed the blood spatter all over his face and arms. He repeated his words again slowly. Come inside, Angelique. Tea time.My legs were like pins that held me into place. Not forward. Not backward. I was frozen still. I felt coldness sweep up and over me, giving me goosebumps on my arms and neck as my father appeared to grow angrier with each passing second. Get inside you little bitch!I moved one foot in front of the other. Then the other in front of that. Slowly, I gained speed and in the next crucial second, I began sprinting across the back yard toward the gate. As I moved as fast as I could go, I caught sight of my father as he hitched the sledgehammer over his shoulder and launched himself off the veranda. Get back here! he screamed. I ran. I ran hard.At the back gate, I jumped and cleared it with my father only inches behind me. I felt the breeze of his sledgehammer swish past me. I could hear his hard breathing as he struggled to get over. I ran on and paced away. Breathing. Running. Breathing. Running.Out in the street, I turned and sprinted down the middle of the bitumen. If a car was coming, I could put up my arms and scream. Maybe whoever was driving might stop. As I ran, I saw a shadow on the road. The shadow of an eagle raced on ahead in front of me, and then suddenly, it disappeared. From behind, I heard an eagle screech with an ear-piercing cry and echoed through the suburbs. I stopped and spun around in time to see Charlottes silhouette in the late afternoon sun. Her outline that was backlit from the bright light, tumbled and turned over high up in the sky. She tucked in her wings and became a bullet, head down, screeching her cry through the air as my father ran almost out of breath, panting, and still trying to shut me down.With no warning, Charlotte came down from behind him and attached her giant talons around my fathers neck. Screeching and squealing, she flared out her wings and I saw her talons disappear deep into his flesh. Long red ribbons ripped away from my fathers neck as Charlotte again took to the skies. My father screamed out then gurgled chillingly in a way Id never heard before. He placed both his hands over his gaping op en wounds but to no avail. The fountains of his blood reached high above him. Then, his body seemed to collapse from under his weight. I knew from that moment, there was no life left in him. The Mad Man was dead.From a distance, I heard the sounds of sirens. Theo Mack would arrive, but by the time he reached the scene where blood was everywhere, the mandatory police guns drawn approach was of no use. Theo exited his police vehicle exactly as I thought. Get on the ground! he shouted, pistol pointed at my lifeless father. When he got close enough, I saw his shoulders droop, and he put his gun away.As I turned away from what I was seeing, Maggie was there, standing in front of me with her arms held out. Come with me, love, she said, gathering me up and pulling me into her arms. Maggie smelled of lavender. After that moment, lavender took on a new meaning for me. Whenever I smell lavender, it transports me back to the time I was orphaned and left without my parents. My Angel saved me fr om the Mad Man, but now, I must somehow live with the memory.

High Blood Pressure Essays - 1571 Words

Raised blood pressure is major preventable cause of CVD, and hypertensive people are three times more likely to develop CVD. High blood pressure increases the workload on the heart and can damage the endothelial lining of blood vessels, cause an upsurge of infiltration of lipids into the arterial wall, worsen endothelial damage and enhance atherosclerotic deposition (Thomas Bishop, 2007). The most significant influences are obesity, excess alcohol and excess salt intake (Williams et al., 2004). Dietary modifications are proven to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Apple, 1997). A review showed that among overweight hypertensive people, a weight reduction of 3–9% is associated with a decrease of about 3 mmHg in systolic and†¦show more content†¦However, people who consume high amount of fruits and vegetables are more likely to have a healthier lifestyle and habits (Bazzano, Serdula Liu, 2003). Joshipura et al. (2001) reported that each single serving per da y increase in intake of fruits or vegetables was associated with a 4% lower risk of coronary heart disease. The participants were from a nurses health study and health professionals follow-up study; 84,251 women 34 to 59 years of age were followed for 14 years, and 42,148 men 40 to 75 years were followed for eight years. A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies reveals that increased consumption of fruit and vegetables from less than three to more than five servings/day correlates with a 17% reduction in coronary heart disease risk (He, Nowson, Lucas, MacGregor, 2007). The hypothesis that dietary fibres protect from ischemic heart disease was introduced in 1970s (Trowell, 1972). Since then, a diet rich in fibre has been linked to the CVD risk factors (e.g. obesity, high cholesterol and hypertension) (Van Horn et al., 2008; Truswell, 2002). Fibres slow gastric emptying speed in the small intestine slows the absorption of nutrients, such as glucose, from the small intestine; therefore, it has aShow MoreRelatedHypertension : High Blood Pressure Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Many of my clients with high blood pressure take premium Omega-3 oils, and have reported benefits such as decrease in spikes, normalized pressure readings and other cardiovascular beneficial effects. Hypertension is High Blood Pressure, and blood pressure is defined as: (from Wikipedia) ... the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and constitutes one of the principal vital signs. The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arteriolesRead MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1703 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension Hypertension is referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is frequently asymptomatic in the early stages, and the initial signs are often vague and nonspecific. They include fatigue, malaise, and sometimes morning headache. Consistently elevated blood pressure under various conditions is the key sign of hypertension. Because of the insidious onset and mild signs, hypertension is often undiagnosed until complications arise and has been called the â€Å"silent killer.† The complicationsRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1938 Words   |  8 Pages HYPERTENSION Summer 2015 Bhavneet K. Singh High blood pressure Definition: The heart is supplies the organs and tissues of the body with blood and nutrients it carries. It pumps blood into the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The blood that is pumped into these vessels puts pressure on the walls of the vessels. When the heart muscle contracts during each beat, the pressure rises as well. Blood pressure may be different at different times of the day. It is usually higher when someoneRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure2401 Words   |  10 PagesBackground Introduction Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure; a diet high in salt may predispose to hypertension. An increase in levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebral vascular disease (stroke) and peripheral vascular disease. Within the western countries, those associated with a higher economic status, hypertension accounts for around 17% of deaths. A positive correlation between intakeRead MoreBasics Of High Blood Pressure1169 Words   |  5 Pages Basics of high blood pressure (HBP) learned Here I learned why a person lets his blood pressure be taken, how to interpret the numbers indicated in the stethoscope after a person’s blood pressure is taken, what is high blood pressure and pulse pressure, and its implications as well. I hope individuals who are a bit slow in comprehending things will find this article beneficial to them. Praise for fast learners Lots of people, especially those in the field of medicine: doctors and nurses, elderlyRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1124 Words   |  5 Pages Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is a sickness that a great many individuals of different varieties are influenced by. In spite of the fact that stress and emotional pressure can incidentally expand pulse; however it would not be considered as hypertension. Hypertension normally is there with no manifestations. It may happen and stay inconspicuous for a long time. Individuals, until told by a therapeutic doctor by large disregard hypertension. Individuals are not mindful of how hypertensionRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1157 Words   |  5 PagesHypertension (high blood pressure) is a major health issue worldwide, in addition to the vast amounts of strokes, chronic kidney diseases (CDK), and heart failures. However, organized hypertension prevention and control interventions have demonstrated to decrease the detrimental outcomes. Additionally, the management of salt consumption also displays a decrease of blood pressure towards the population at risk. A global-base assessment of hypertension programs and salt consumptions was performedRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure1881 Words   |  8 Pages Hypertension is commonly known as high blood pressure. What does it mean to have high blood pressure? Blood pressure can be defined as the amount of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in the arteries. It is when the systolic reading is greater than 140 and the diastolic is greater than 90. Systolic is blood pressure when the heart contracts while diastolic is the time when the heart is relaxed. Primary care physicians are accustomed to seeing cases of hypertension.Read MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1767 Words   |  8 PagesHypertension Hypertension (or high blood pressure) is a condition that increases the chance of developing heart disease, which is the number one leading cause of death in the United States. Hypertension affects approximately 75 million adults in America, which translates to 29% of the population.1 Hypertension is a chronic condition that results with lasting blood pressure readings of 140/90 and higher and affects the cardiovascular system in the human body. The cardiovascular system is comprisedRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Is The Resistance Of Blood Vessels2973 Words   |  12 PagesBlood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels, and the magnitude of this force depends on the cardiac output and the resistance of the blood vessels. When the systolic blood pressure (SBP) which is the pressure as the heart pumps blood around the body is 140 mm Hg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) which is the pressure as the heart relaxes and refills with blood, is 90 mm Hg or more, and the individual is taking antihypertensive medication, it is

Rosalind Flynn - ThoughtCo

Introducing Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing

Introducing Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing The Ultimate Strategy to Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing Hamlet might be a masterpiece of literature, but that doesn't mean your students can't question its content too. A student should learn to compose a character analysis essay for few factors. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire affordable essay rather than writing it themselves. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. In addition, there are various forms of theatre essays. After reading through our William Shakespeare essay, you might need to receive the same paper. Even in the event the book is already familiar, it is crucial to read it once more. The 5-Minute Rule for Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. For every one of them, explain what effect the usage of verse has, if any. All sources have to be scholarly, not common. As always, it is necessary that you write from credible, trustworthy, and intellectually appropriate sources. The Fight Against Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing Within this instance you are able to approach SameDayEssay. At length, at the conclusion of the play, overhearing restores order. Although using drones has been praised as an effective tool in combat, the truth is that drones can be exceedingly d angerous, inaccurate, and frequently kill innocent civilians. This way you don't risk your money since you can establish the price before finalizing your buy. The Foolproof Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing Strategy Folks who wish to entice prospective dates want to prepare an appealing on-line profile. Evidently, if you can't write this up to the necessary standard, you should look for qualified help. You need to tell the way the profile was constructed. Planning is crucial in any sort of home task, from building a powerpoint presentation to supplying American Government homework help to your friend. Which leads into the major storyline. Deception marks the relationship from the start. While their communication is chiefly in the shape of puns and mockery, there's definite interaction. Don't be scared to talk about your ideas as part of creative procedure and remember there's just one approach to reach the desired goals receiving papers which have been meticulously checked, reviewed and proofread. In order to earn a great first impression at a job interview, a candidate must be suitably prepared. As our group of writers is quite big, we always have free writers keen to bring a manageable and well-paid purchase. All areas of the book are important. Pick the love story which you feel is the play's major plot. There ought to be some questions to allow it to be simpler that you describe and open the character. Often there are two major characters in the book. A research paper is among the requirements for successful completion of this training course. In case you have any questions regarding the format or are struggling with a quick deadline, our writing exper ts are almost always pleased to aid you. There are several interesting questions that you can pose about doing it. It research papers totally free download. Those courses are usually a fact electives, as well as learners are in reality persuaded that will join within some training who might not necessarily in most cases be offered through a superior typical huge university curriculum. You could be given the topic straight away by your professor, or maybe you be free to opt for the topic yourself. Providing individuals having opportunities to earn sure that you implement what exactly they usually are studying through far more old fashioned academics exactly how so that it is possible to present researching documents with the goal of large education. Important crucial study. Obviously, these feelings aren't genuine. Hero is a character that at first glance appears insignificant in the feeling that she's rarely given opinions or an opportunity to speak. What You Need to Know About Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing It will enhance your analytical skills. The major one is to boost their analytical skills. On the flip side, Be nedick has almost the very same sentiments when it has to do with marriage. In addition, he appears to have no romantic interest of his own, however, at the conclusion of the play, without a future wife, he's melancholy. Women can use the simple fact that men cannot be completely certain of a wife's fidelity. It's not only Beatrice who's a wild animal in conditions of her fierce personality but also Benedick due to his pride for a guy. The War Against Essay Topics for Much Ado about Nothing Hamlet gives us the opportunity to pose many questions regarding the morality and personality that every character displays. Inside this lesson, we'll explore different versions of Much Ado About Nothing, and learn about the way the play changes in various media forms. Analyze their part in the book.

Wordsworths Theory of Poetic Diction Essay Example For Students

Wordsworths Theory of Poetic Diction Essay How does Wordsmith describe the language as he claims to have selected for his poems? How does he describe the language used by many modern writers? Answer: The problem of poetic diction has been one of the most controversial Issues In literary criticism. The most Important part In the history of poetic diction Is constituted by Wordsmiths views on the language of poetry. These are two traditions in the history of poetic diction. One is that which pleads for a special language for poetry and the other is that which pleads for the spoken language. Wordsmith obviously belongs to latter tradition. Wordsmith opposed the gaudiness and inane phraseology of eighteen century poets. Wordsmith believed that most of those who enjoyed or sought consideration in society were incapable of love to man or reverence for God. Wordsmith would not write to please a corrupt society, nor would he employ its language. He would sing in simple language that cottages and children could understand. Wordsmiths theory of poetic diction Is not merely a revolt against existing practice. It does not merely abolish false practice, but It also Implies a desire to find a suitable engage for the new territory of human life, which he was bringing In for the poetic treatment, as Oliver Elton points out. The mall points of the theory are: l. The language of poetry should be the real language of men. It should not have any artificiality about it. By men, Wordsmith meant the rustic folk and humble people. A selection of such language should used; the language should be purified of coarseness or oddities. Ill. It should be the language of men in a state of vivid sensation. Iv. The language of poetry is not essentially different from that of prose. It should be noted that by ;language, Wordsmith probably means vocabulary, not syntax and grammar. The Preface to Lyrical Ballads tells us that the poems were in the nature of an experiment. He had brought them out with the purpose of ascertaining how far the language of conversation In the humble classes of society, would be suitable for poetry. His purpose was to deal with Incidents and situations from common and rustic life. As such, It was but natural that he would seek to express himself in a suitably simple language. Thus he says that the language of poetry is a selection of language really used by men. The language was to be selected I-e purified of its possible coarseness, any painfulness, or any disgusting aspect. The selection has to be made because the aim of a poet is to give pleasure, and such language without selection would distract from the pleasure. The emphasis is on the language which is really spoken by men. Poetry doesnt need any special language, or special devices. The personages of Wordsmiths poetry are drawn from the humble classes and the rustic life. The same humble and rustic life is the source of his language. His reasons for the choice of rustic life are: l. The cutis language Is spoken by men in whose hearts the essential passions find a better soil to attain maturity In. II. The passions of these men are Incorporated with the beautiful and permanent forms of nature and the best part of their language Is derived from such communication with nature. It is bound to be noble and simply impassioned. They speak in an unrestrained manners, as they are uninhibited by social vanity. Their language is impassioned, and expresses emotional excitement in a better manner. Their language comes from the depth of their hearts; if it is the natural language of the passions. v. Through such a language the basic truths about human nature can be more easily reached, understood and communicated. In the rustic life the essential passions, the elementary feelings resulting from a communion with Nature are simple, unsophisticated and easy to understand. The language of poetry should not be separated from the language of men in real life. Wordsmith reacted strongly against the use of elaborate figures of speech, metaphors, artificial devices such as personifications and circumlocution, which were not necessary to poetry. It is not as if Wordsmith spoke against metaphors and figures of speech altogether. He merely said that they should arise naturally from powerful emotions. He was against the use of elaborate and figurative language without the basic emotion to inspire that kind of language. Poetry and Literature EssayThe poet does not react to an impression immediately. He allows his sense impression of object perceived by him to sink into his mind along with the feelings which it has excited. Poetry is the matter of feeling and mood. It flows from the internal feelings of the poet. When the poetic mood is on the poet, he sings out rapture or sorrow spontaneously from the core of his heart. In such moments, his language of discourse becomes the language of poetical inspiration. Wordsmith talks of Expressing powerful feelings felt in the heart and not narrated in the mind all of us feel, so does the poet, but he feels intensely and deeply the heightened emotional stage of the poet find expression through his verses. Thus according to him deep emotion is the fundamental condition of the poetry. Wordsmith explains the role of calm thinking and deliberate contemplation in the composition of poetry. In this mood successful composition generally begins and in a mood similar to this it is carried on. The process of poetic composition is not an easy one. Wordsmith has mentioned six causes that led to poetic composition: (I) observation and description, (it) Sensibility, iii) reflection, (v) Imagination and fancy, (v) Invention, (v) Judgment. Wordsmith felt strongly that there was no worthy pursued but the idea of doing some go or the world. He hoped that his pomes would operate in their degree to extent the domain of sensibility for the delight, the owner, and the benefit of human nature. Poetry in not a mere entertainment, a diversion for a patrons idle hour. Poetry impart moral lesson for the betterment of human life. Wordsmith precise and emphatic in stating that pleasure is the end of poetry. To conclude, Wordsmith follows his theory of poetry in practice. He hardly made present Joy attar of a song. He would not give poetic expression to an experience immediately but would carry the impression in his heart. After a long interval that experience will have poetic expression. He had a very sharp memory, and sometimes he would recall an impression and revive it. His poems like The Prelude, The Solitary Reaper, The Daffodils etc are based on theory of emotions recollected in tranquility. These poems are generally into past tense which signifies that the poet is recollecting impressions received in the past.

Homeland security and border patrol free essay sample

Homeland security is one of the main departments that keeps the United States safe. Homeland security locks down the United States and keeps illegal’s from entering and monitors that the U.S does not go under attack. During the making of the department of homeland security the U.S Border Patrol merged into a new agency called US customs and Border protection known as CBP. The old tradition of border patrol was always known for detecting and preventing the entry of illegal aliens in addition to the smuggling of illegal contraband into the county, but a new high priority mission came into lay when the terrorist tried to enter their weapons into the United States. Keeping the boarders of the U.S safe is an extremely dangerous job. The duties of duties border patrol men include to be alert 24 hours seven days a week. Border patrols missions take place on horseback, land, sea, and in the air. We will write a custom essay sample on Homeland security and border patrol or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over the year’s border patrols mission has increased it not only operates within the interior of the United States but also now monitors the roads and even airports where illegal aliens concentrate. Since border patrol takes so much concentration additional powers have been added to help U.S officials protect its borders. From the time before the constitution was even written the function of United States Border Patrol was an essential element to our country’s security. It was the day of July 4th 1776 that out country became independent from England, and the country’s security was born. Back in 1904 when Teddy Roosevelt was president of the United States the â€Å"mounted inspectors† were assigned by the commissioner general of immigration to patrol the southern boarders. At the time only 75 mounted inspectors were on duty to guard all the American borders. The mounted inspectors were given no supervision or orders which forever changed when the Poncho Vila and Prohibition took place. The Poncho Villa was a civil war that raged in Mexico between 1910 and 1920 which averred U.S army troops to encamp along the southwest borders when there was rumors of raiders coming into the country from Mexico. The attack took place in Columbus NM when peasants entered looking for food, in the end only 18 Americans were killed along with an unborn child. Today’s border patrol has expanded tremendously with over 11,000 agents on the line of duty. More than 9,500 agents are stationed along the United States southern boarder because, it is noted that 99 percent of all illegally entering citizens are citizens of Mexico. While it is important to stay on high alert during the day the U.S Mexican border is the most dangerous at night. Most illegal aliens cross the border at night, and murders are perpetrated at night. The triple barrier system is where agents have the most trouble due to the fact they can become trapped in between the barriers making it easier for attackers to make it over the fence. The United States government has funded a program that increases security which includes U.S border patrol agents. U.S border patrol agents work alone, and depend on their own instincts along with the support of new technology including cameras to protect them from danger. Camera systems are implemented with zero time delay systems in between images and each camera uses data link with the use of commercial delivery trucks to scan anything that passes through the border. Camera use is one on the main key elements to successful border patrol which are grouped into five categories. These five categories Include daylight cameras, low light cameras, IR night vision cameras, FLIR cameras, and Range Gated cameras. Daylight cameras offer reasonable resolution, but cannot see through fog, rain or snow and usually see the same as a human eye. Low light cameras are similar to daylight cameras except they can provide an image with just moon light. IR night cameras are cameras that have a light source that the human eye cannot see. FLIR cameras use infer red sources that monitor heat that spots humans due to body heat and heated objects such as bombs. These cameras are used at night to spot people in cars or people walking without ones knowing there getting watched . Range Gated cameras reflect light beams off of objects which reflect beams of light back to the camera sending back and image of the object. All these cameras listed play a big role successful border protection. Along with Border Patrol Homeland Security was put into action full force after 9/11. The Department of Homeland Security got stronger and the U.S  Customs and Border protection was fully mobilized in 36 hours after the attack. Both of their enterprises evolved to better defend against intruders and terrorists attacks. Both systems started working directly with law enforcement agencies, state and local leaders, community based organization, private sectors, and international partners. DHS (Homeland Security) focused on getting resources from Washington DC into the hands of state and local enforcements to help them identify threats. State and law enforcement agencies are usually the first ones in position to notice any signs of planned attacks. Homeland security informs police and front line with the understanding the behaviors or unmoral situations, and what to look for in terrorist activity. Another enterprise through homeland security is the private sector outreach which is an integral component through the engagement of protecting the United States. DHS works closely with international partners to have multiple organizations and global business to strengthen the security of the U.S similar to having eyes and ears all around the world. Homeland Security has enhanced security not only in airports but by working with foreign governments administrating global supply chains across the country. In closing they turn to the public that play a key role to strengthen the enterprise and to raise public awareness indicators about terrorism and crime which leads to the motto â€Å"if you see something say something†.

Breast Augmentation essays

Breast Augmentation essays Known colloquially as a boob job, breast augmentation surgery has become an increasingly common cosmetic surgery option for women worldwide. The medical term for breast augmentation surgery is mammaplasty but mammaplasty also refers to breast reduction surgeries. Breast augmentation involves the surgical insertion of a silicone bag filled with salt water beneath the natural breasts. The prosthesis offers the appearance of larger, fuller breasts while allowing the woman to keep her natural nipples. Surgical scars are in most cases hidden well. Women choose to have their breasts enlarged for any number of personal reasons. Breast augmentation is an invasive procedure and does involve some degree of risk that most non-surgical cosmetic procedures do not pose. However, the surgery is widely practiced in the United States by qualified physicians and is generally safe. Breast augmentation can offer a woman a renewed appreciation for her body, correcting problems such as asymmetry, post-pre gnancy sagging, age-related sagging, and a number of other issues that affect appearance. Like any cosmetic procedure, breast augmentation is an act of vanity. Breast augmentation therefore differs only in matters of degree from hair styling, wearing makeup, or whitening teeth. Women spend large amounts of money on beauty products in the quest to look their best. Breast augmentation surgery is one option for women who value the appearance of their chest. For some women, breast augmentation may be considered as a necessary career move. Exotic dancers, models, actors, and anyone in a profession in which appearance reigns will need to build the best body possible and breast augmentation surgery is the only means by which a woman can increase her cup size appreciably without gaining weight. Exotic dancers and nude models cannot pad their bras to achieve the illusion of larger breasts. Rather, their breasts must be a part of their bodies. Augmented...

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 24

Marketing - Essay Example Carpenter (2004) highlights the definition of marketing given by American Marketing Association in his article. Marketing is defined as "an organizational function and set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders" (Carpenter, 2004). Carpenter means that marketing deals with customer relationships and the process involves creation of products, their communication and then their delivery to the customers. Donald (2004) defines marketing as not an advertising campaign but some function that deal with consumer touch points, brand values and attributes that are communicated. Therefore, for Donald, marketing is not just advertising but a whole procedure that involves the consumers, the product and its features. Marketing covers all the point mentioned by Donald. Marketing is done about products for consumers so that the products can be availed by consumers because of the attributes and brand values of the products. Marketing is an important function of an organization or business setup and this factor cannot be negated that the businesses operating all around the globe are able to reach to the general public by means of their marketing functionalities. Marketing is an activity that enables all the businesses to make the people know what is in their hands for the people and how can it fulfill the needs of people. Planning is also very crucial for the success of a marketing campaign. Through marketing plans, the organizations are able to attain information about their competitors, strengths and weaknesses of their products and much more (Pophal, 2000). Every day we see unlimited advertisements in the newspapers, on the internet, on television, in the form of banners and by many other means in which, we notice that the products or services that are monitored are

Factchecking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Factchecking - Essay Example He said he would but that law does not exist and that he had been clear that he supports exceptions for abortion in cases of rape, abortion and to save the life of the mother. Romney also employed deception in his attack with Obama with his ad that Obama will raise taxes by $4,000 on American middle class. This was an outright fabrication because Obama is not planning to raise taxes on the middle class to service the debt. The articles in Factcheck.org and politiFact.org also reveal how politicians use false information to make accusations. We can use as an example the most common issue of sequestration which is the spending cuts to arrest the deficit. Republics blamed Obama in FastCheck.org in the article The Obamaquester that it will specifically target certain sectors in society. When it was verified in with PoliticalFact.org, this accusation was in fact false because the sequester does not make distinction quoting Obama saying as it â€Å"won’t consider whether we’re cutting some bloated program that has outlived its usefulness, or a vital service that Americans depend on every single day. It doesn’t make those

Free Speech in a Liberal Democratic Society

Free Speech in a Liberal Democratic Society People are rational beings with many desires but in a liberal democratic society these desires have to be regulated, reconciled and controlled so that they do not impinge on the rights of others. From a philosophical perspective, it is a dilemma whether the State should be the source of freedom that regulates citizen participation in society. On the other hand, it can be argued that the State is the natural enemy of free speech as it damages a free society on various grounds. From a legal point of view, it is apparent that both international treaties and domestic legislations restrict free speech based on intellectual property, crime, morality, discrimination, media, information and security laws. At the same time, however, freedom of speech has been backed up by a number of domestic, regional and international laws to ensure it is not undermined or abused. This leads to the question of where should the line be drawn and the extent of freedom of speech. This essay will analyse the current status of free speech in a liberal democratic society. The discussion will include both a legal, theoretical comparison between the different legislations and an analysis about how they interfere with the right to free speech. It is evident that in a liberal democratic society freedom of expression is highly valued based on various legislations.[1] In fact, it has been described as the core value of a democratic society as it enhances its powers and builds a sustainable future.[2] It is the view of Fuller, an American legal theorist, that free speech is crucially important to human survival.[3] In addition, he views free expression as an inherent aspect of natural law as it maintains, opens up and safeguards the integrity of the channels of connection through which people communicate what they desire, perceive and feel.[4] This is bolstered by Dworkin who believes that policies and laws are only legitimate if they are implemented democratically. As such, freedom of expression is a condition of legitimate government.[5] Moreover, Mill viewed free speech as a necessity for a flourishing society and individual happiness and he defended extensive freedom of expression.[6] Dworkin also criticised what he calls individuals being ‘passive victims of collective action’ because imposing a collective decision on an opposing individual is illegitimate as free speech is the lifeblood of democracy.[7] Furthermore, regulating freedom of expression is not the best way to combat intolerance as such a quick fix solution might leave the issue unresolved.[8] Quite the opposite, history shows that censorship is likely to make undesirable speech more attractive.[9] This is why Heinze even criticised the regulation of hate speech as inherently discriminatory due to its selective nature.[10] In addition to the legal theory, free speech is protected by a number of international and regional laws. Based on Article 19 of the General Assembly Resolution (GAR) in 1948, some sort of customary international law imposes legal force which might not necessarily be binding on states, yet many of its provisions are binding.[11] This is also strengthened by Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) which states that: ‘Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, the freedom to hold opinions without interference and to see, receive and import information.’[12] Furthermore, Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) emphasises the right to communicate ideas through any kind of media ‘regardless of frontiers’.[13] It also ensures the freedom to receive and seek information, which embeds a number of the rights within the UDHR.[14] Hence, Article 19 of the ICCPR imposes its framework and provisions that states parties to the ICCPR should implement at a national level.[15] Alongside the ICCPR,[16] the right of free speech is granted in regional treaties such as the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) (Article 13),[17] the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (Article 10)[18] and the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR) (Article 9).[19] Even free speech advocates recognise the importance of limiting and framing free expression which is also enhanced by statutory instruments.[20] For instance, it is the view of Judge Oliver Holmes that shouting fire in a packed theatre should not be seen as a form of freedom.[21] He added: ‘The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that congress has a right to prevent as it is a question of proximity and degree.’[22] Similarly, Meiklejohn argued that demanding free expression by self-governed men does not mean every person has an unalienable right to express themselves wherever, however and whenever they want.[23] Hence, people should only do so through the appropriate channels.[24] Promoting equality is perhaps more important than maintaining an absolute free expression policy in a liberal democratic society. This should be the case as some forms of speech are harmful which imposes an obligation on the State to maintain the protection of free society.[25] This contradicts Mill who conditioned freedom of expression upon progressive society as the main priority.[26] Yet, Mill’s view has been criticised by civil rights theorists as it supports individualism, while equality should be the priority for a democratic society.[27] Besides the harm principle proposed by Mill, Fienberg proposed what is called the offence principle as a way of drawing a line between what should and should not be acceptable in free speech.[28] Moreover, Waldron criticised Dworkin’s proposal which supported absolute free speech as he believes in regulating speech because it will promote equality and include minorities in the democratic process.[29] According to Lord Devlin, the public good should prevail over the rights of the individual; thus, the morals of society have to be enforced by law. This prevents the disintegration of society which is an advantage of having a shared morality policy.[30] Based on this argument, regulating free speech does not violate the liberal democratic society norms as it ensures equality and morality. In addition, it would probably be better if undesirable free speech did not occur in the first place. Aside from the theoretical aspect of the dilemma, freedom of speech is limited by human rights instruments as it is not absolute.[31] Based on the three stage test in Article 19(3) of the ICCPR, restricting speech is a legitimate action if the required criteria are followed.[32] First, the intervention should be in compliance with the law and should be ‘formulated with sufficient precision to enable the citizen to regulate his conduct’.[33] Second, the legally enforced intervention should pursue a legitimate aim such as protection of national security, public morals, health or order or protecting the reputation and rights of others.[34] Third, there should be a necessity for the restriction towards a legitimate aim. The ECHR summarised this by stating that: ‘Freedom of expression is subject to a number of exceptions which, however, must be narrowly interpreted and the necessity for any restrictions must be convincingly established.’[35] The same test is applied worldwide to measure the legitimacy of restrictions including the International Covenant, Universal Declaration, African Charter and American Convention.[36] In Europe, although Article 10 of the ECHR allows for various forms of freedom, Article 10(2) restricts this freedom to conditions, formalities, penalties based on what is stated in the law to maintain a democratic society.[37] This shows how freedom of expression is not an absolute and so restricting it should not be seen as a violation of the right of free speech. In Canada, for example, the Canadian Charter[38] maintains and applies a reasonable balance to regulate free expression,[39] whereas in France, Germany and Austria holocaust denial is criminalised due to historically significant reasons.[40] For its part, in the UK, laws like the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006[41] and the Public Order Act 1996[42] regulate public order matters but this does not undermine the right of free speech.[43] On the other hand, despite the US first Amendment which strengthens the right of free speech,[44] case law such as Snyder v Phelps shows an application of restrictions there.[45] Finally, in Australia, an application similar to the one in Canada is applied to strike a balance between free speech and harmful speech.[46] Based on Lingens v Austria,[47] and Handyside v UK,[48] it seems that restricting free speech is a legitimate action that does not violate free expression since it is done for a necessary and appropriate reason. The Human Rights Committee emphasised in Shin v ROK[49] that even if the expression violates the law, Article 19(3) requires the State to explain the importance of implementing these measures.[50] As a result, even though national and international law perceives the importance of implementing grounds to restrict free speech,[51] it should fall within the specified criteria based on the test.[52] Thus, the restrictions are implemented to safeguard and stop people from abusing freedom. It seems at this stage that there is no clear violation on the right of free expression as the imposed limitations are appropriate to the nature of liberal democratic society.[53] According to Mill, different views and opinions are valuable to society either because of the truth behind the argument or if it is false because this contributes and reinforces the truth and its emergence.[54] He argued that ‘to refuse a hearing to an opinion, because they are sure that it is false, is to assume that their certainty is the same thing as absolute certainty all silencing of discussion is an assumption of infallibility’.[55] This argument was followed in the case of Mavlonov v Uzbekistan as Article 19(2)[56] had been violated due to the State not having sufficient grounds to fulfil Article 19(3).[57] In fact, the UN Human Rights Committee held that the authorities should have allowed free expression of a newspaper as well as the right to receive ideas and information.[58] This case involved a newspaper that incited inter-ethnic hostility and the State of Uzbekistan, by silencing expression and regulating hate speech, was criticised for damaging free society.[59] On the other hand, in RAV v City of St Pauls,[60] it was argued that the State should maintain open and free debate without impairing one side of the debate. This case highlighted the unfairness of free speech regulation as the State allowed anti-sexist and anti-racist speech while prohibiting sexist and racist speech. The Supreme Court decided that the ordinance was fair and favouring tolerance over intolerance was a legitimate reason to limit speech.[61] Freedom of expression is also regulated by Article 20(2)[62] of the ICCPR which forbids specific types of hate expression. In addition, ‘any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law’.[63] It seems that Article 20 is working with Article 19 towards collaborating with the States to balance by law which eliminates criminalising.[64] As a result, it can be argued that Article 20(2) does not violate freedom of expression in a liberal democratic society but regulates this freedom positively. This is bolstered by the Human Rights Committee in its Draft General Comment No 34 (2011) which supports the compatibility between Articles 20 and 19 of the ICCPR and sets permissible restrictions on the right of free speech.[65] Hence, the Human Rights Committee re-affirmed that Article 20 provides convenient sanctions in cases of a breach so it will not interpret provisions to impose criminal sanctions in advance.[66] The case of Ross[67] clarified the overlapping characteristics of Articles 20 and 19 in which the Human Rights Committee stressed the need for consistent interpretations of the Covenant.[68] In this case, the Committee justified limiting the authors rights to freedom of expression and religion, based on Article 19(3). As a result, Article 20(2) did not violate any rights of expression due to: first, the prohibition of the act stated in the law; second, a legitimate purpose was clear; third, the necessity to achieve its stated purpose.[69] Moreover, there was a violation in a subsection of the New Brunswick Human Rights Act due to the authors expressions being considered as discriminatory and poisoning the community.[70] Clearly in this case the State Party prevented the author from expressing himself which undermined liberal democratic values.[71] Furthermore, the Supreme Court decided not to allow the author to practise his religion while being a teacher which seems to be a denial of the freedom and right recognised by the Covenant.[72] Hence, the authors right of free expression was restricted and held as a sufficient detriment for losing a teaching position as this job carried specific duties.[73] However, as teaching young students carries special duties which if misconducted might harm the pupils, it was proportionate to restrict the author’s rights.[74] This is strengthened by Mill’s point of view that instigation is a form of harming others, which is a legitimate justification for restricting free speech as occurred in this case.[75] Based on the harm principle introduced by Mill, freedom of speech should not lead to discrimination and harm to any members of society. If this could be avoided, it would lead to a flourishing and healthy society, which is a fundamental aspect of a liberal democratic society.[76] According to Article 26 of the ICCPR, hate and discrimination speech are prohibited by customary international law to avoid causing harm. This clearly states that ‘all persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion ’.[77] To summarise, it is clear at this stage that there are enough legal grounds to restrict freedom of expression. This is also bolstered by a number of legal theorists who are in favour of restricting free speech. The argument is over the extent that the source of freedom which is the State should try to balance equality and liberty. It has been argued that regulating free expression is a mechanism for enhancing free speech which is not an absolute right. On the other side, some debaters claim that the truth shall only be revealed by having diverse opinions. Nowadays, there has been an increase in anti-discrimination and equality laws which have curtailed in limited circumstances free speech. There are number of legislations for restricting free speech such as Article 19(3) of the ICCPR,[78] Article 10(2) of the ECHR,[79] Section 2 of the CCRF,[80] as well as number of domestic legislations in the UK.[81] However, Article 19(3) of the ICCPR is conditioned on three grounds: first, the intervention should be in compliance with the law; second, the legally enforced intervention has to pursue a legitimate aim; third, there is a necessity for the restriction. Based on the given grounds, it seems that there are legitimate bases for restricting free speech which does not violate the rights of a liberal democratic society but rather helps to protect the society. Word Count: 2510 words Bibliography Books Article 19, Prohibiting Incitement to Discrimination, Hostility or Violence  (Article 19 2012) Barendt E,  Freedom of Speech  (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2005) Beatson J and Cripps YM,  Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Information  (Oxford University Press 2002) Devlin P,  The Enforcement of Morals  (Oxford University Press 1965) Feinberg J,  Harm to Others: The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law  (Oxford University Press 1984) Fiss OM,  The Irony of Free Speech  (Harvard University Press 1998) Fuller LL,  The Morality of Law  (Yale University Press 1969) Hare I and Weinstein J,  Extreme Speech and Democracy  (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2010) Mill J, On Liberty (Penguin Books 2010) Mill JS,  Collected Works of John Stuart Mill  (John Mercel Robson (ed), Routledge 2011) Waldron J, The Harm in Hate Speech (Harvard University Press 2012) Warburton N,  Free Speech: A Very Short Introduction  (Oxford University Press 2009) Wragg PM,  Critiquing the UK Judiciarys Response to Article 10 Post-HRA  (University of Durham 2009) Articles Bennett C, ‘Expression, Freedom of Speech and the State’ (2017) 8 Jurisprudence 360 Dworkin R, ‘A New Map of Censorship’ (2006) 35 Index on Censorship 130 Emerson T, ‘The Right of Privacy and Freedom of the Press’ [1979] 14 Harvard Civil Rights Civil Liberties Law Review 329 Flahvin A, ‘Can Legislation Prohibiting Hate Speech Be Justified in Light of Free Speech Principles’ [1995] 18 UNSW Law Journal 328 Heinze E, ‘Viewpoint Absolutism and Hate Speech’ (2006) 69 Modern Law Review 543 Mendel T,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœRestricting Freedom of Expression: Standards and Principles’  (Centre for Law and Democracy) Sottiaux S and Rummens S, ‘Concentric Democracy: Resolving the Incoherence in the European Court of Human Rights Case Law on Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Association (2012) 10 International Journal of Constitutional Law 106 Strossen N, ‘Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?’ (1990) 1990 Duke Law Journal 554 Van Alstyne WW, ‘Freedom of Speech and the Flag Anti-Desecration Amendment: Antinomies of Constitutional Choice’ (1991) 29 Free Speech Yearbook 96 Yong C, ‘Does Freedom Of Speech Include Hate Speech?’ (2011) 17 Res Publica 385 Table of Treaties and Legislations African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (adopted 27 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986) (1982) 21 ILM 58 American Convention on Human Rights (signed 22 November 1969, entered into force 18 July 1978) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) Criminal Justice Act 2003 Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) Malicious Communications Act 1988 (amended 2003) Public Order Act 1996 Race and Religious Hatred Act 2006 United States Constitution Bill of Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217 A(III) Table of Cases Handyside v UK App No 5493/72 (7 December 1976) Lingens v Austria App No 9815/82 (8 July 1986) Malcolm Ross v Canada Comm No 736/1997 (18 October 2000) Mavlonov v Uzbekistan Comm No 1334/2004 (27 April 2009) R v Keegstra (1990) 3 SCR 697 RAV v City of St Pauls 505 US 377 (1992) Schenck v United States 249 US 47 (1919) Shin v Republic of Korea Comm No 926/2000 (25 April 2000) Snyder v Phelps 562 US 443 (2011) The Observer and Guardian v The United Kingdom 51/1990/242/313 (24 October 1991) The Sunday Times v United Kingdom App No 6538/74 (26 April 1979) Thorgeirson v Iceland Appl No 13778/88 (25 June 1992) [1] Nigel Warburton,  Free Speech: A Very Short Introduction  (Oxford University Press 2009) 3. [2] Jack Beatson and Yvonne M Cripps,  Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Information  (Oxford University Press 2002) 17-20. [3] Lon L Fuller,  The Morality of Law  (Yale University Press 1969) 185-186. [4] ibid. [5] ibid. [6] ibid. 7 Ronald Dworkin, ‘A New Map of Censorship’ (2006) 35 Index on Censorship 130. [8] Nadine Strossen, ‘Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?’ (1990) 1990 Duke Law Journal 554. [9] ibid 559. [10] Eric Heinze, ‘Viewpoint Absolutism and Hate Speech’ (2006) 69 Modern Law Review 543. [11] Article 19, Prohibiting Incitement to Discrimination, Hostility or Violence  (Article 19 2012). [12] Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217 A(III) art 19. [13] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) art 19. [14] ibid. [15] ibid. [16] Toby Mendel,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœRestricting Freedom of Expression: Standards and Principles’  (Centre for Law and Democracy). [17] American Convention on Human Rights (signed 22 November 1969, entered into force 18 July 1978) art 13. [18] Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) art 10. [19] African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (adopted 27 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986) (1982) 21 ILM 58, art 9. [20] Warburton (n 1) 8. [21] ibid. [22] Schenck v United States 249 US 47 (1919). [23] Warburton (n 1) 9. [24] ibid. [25] Jeremy Waldron, The Harm in Hate Speech (Harvard University Press 2012). [26] John Stuart Mill,  Collected Works of John Stuart Mill  (John Mercel Robson (ed), Routledge 2011). [27] Christopher Bennett, ‘Expression, Freedom of Speech and the State’ (2017) 8 Jurisprudence 360. [28] Joel Feinberg,  Harm to Others: The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law  (Oxford University Press 1984). [29] Waldron (n 25) 169. [30] Patrick Devlin,  The Enforcement of Morals  (Oxford University Press 1965) 14. [31] Mendel (n 16) 3. [32] ICCPR (n 13) art 19(3). [33] The Sunday Times v United Kingdom App No 6538/74 (26 April 1979) para 49. [34] The Observer and Guardian v The United Kingdom 51/1990/242/313 (24 October 1991). [35] Thorgeirson v Iceland Appl No 13778/88 (25 June 1992) para 63. [36] Stefan Sottiaux and Stefan Rummens, ‘Concentric Democracy: Resolving the Incoherence in the European Court of Human Rights Case Law on Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Association (2012) 10 International Journal of Constitutional Law 106. [37] ECHR (n 18) art 10(2). [38] Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 2. [39] R v Keegstra (1990) 3 SCR 697. [40] Ivan Hare and James Weinstein,  Extreme Speech and Democracy  (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2010). [41] Race and Religious Hatred Act 2006, s 29 (j). [42] Public Order Act 1996. [43] See also Malicious Communications Act 1988 (amended 2003); Race and Religious Hatred Act 2006; Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, ss 145-146; Criminal Justice Act 2003. [44] First Amendment of the United States Constitution Bill of Rights. [45] Snyder v Phelps 562 US 443 (2011). [46] Anne Flahvin, ‘Can Legislation Prohibiting Hate Speech Be Justified in Light of Free Speech Principles’ [1995] 18 UNSW Law Journal 328. [47] Lingens v Austria App No 9815/82 (8 July 1986) paras 39-40. [48] Handyside v UK App No 5493/72 (7 December 1976). [49] Shin v Republic of Korea Comm No 926/2000 (25 April 2000). [50] Thomas Emerson, ‘The Right of Privacy and Freedom of the Press’ [1979] 14 Harvard Civil Rights Civil Liberties Law Review 329, 331. [51] Eric Barendt,  Freedom of Speech  (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2005) 38. [52] Caleb Yong, ‘Does Freedom Of Speech Include Hate Speech?’ (2011) 17 Res Publica 385. [53] Mavlonov v Uzbekistan Comm No 1334/2004 (27 April 2009) para 4.2. [54] Warburton (n 1) 26. [55] John Mill, On Liberty (Penguin Books 2010) 27. [56] ICCPR (n 13) art 19(2). [57] Mavlonov v Uzbekistan (n 53) para 2.6. [58] ibid. [59] Mill (n 55) 28. [60] RAV v City of St Pauls 505 US 377 (1992). [61] Owen M Fiss,  The Irony of Free Speech  (Harvard University Press 1998). [62] ICCPR (n 13) art 20(2). [63] ibid. [64] Bennett (n 27). [65] ibid. [66] ibid. [67] Malcolm Ross v Canada Comm No 736/1997 (18 October 2000). [68] ibid para 6.3. [69] ibid para 6.9. [70] ibid para 6.10. [71] ibid para 7.2. [72] ibid. [73] Paul Martin Wragg,  Critiquing the UK Judiciarys Response to Article 10 Post-HRA  (University of Durham 2009) 103. [74] ibid 104. [75] Mill (n 55) 30. [76] WW Van Alstyne, ‘Freedom of Speech and the Flag Anti-Desecration Amendment: Antinomies of Constitutional Choice’ (1991) 29 Free Speech Yearbook 96. [77] ICCPR (n 13) art 26. [78] ibid art 19(3). [79] ECHR (n 18) art 10(2). [80] Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 2. [81] Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006; Public Order Act 1996; Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008; Malicious Communications Act 1988 (amended 2003); and Criminal Justice Act 2003.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

After experiencing a traumatic event, the mind has been known to horde away the details and memories and then send them back at unexpected times and places, sometimes after years have passed. It does so in a haunting way that makes the recall just as disturbing as the original event. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the name for the acquired mental condition that follows a psychologically distressing event "outside the range of usual human experience" (Bernstein, et al). There are five diagnostic criteria for this disorder and there are no cures for this affliction, only therapies which lessen the burden of the symptoms. The root of the disorder is a traumatic event which implants itself so firmly in the mind that the person may be shackled by the pain and distress of the event indeinately, experiencing it again and again as the mind stays connected with the past rather than the present, making it difficult to think of the future. The research on this topic is all rather recent as the disorder was only added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in the last twenty years. Yet, the disorder is quite common, threatening to control and damage the lives of approximately eight percent of the American population [5% of men and 10% of women]. Any person is a potential candidate for developing PTSD if subject to enough stress. There is no predictor or determining factor as to who will develop PTSD and who will not. Although all people who suffer from it have experienced a traumatic event, not all people who experience a traumatic event will develop PTSD. Each persons individual capacity for coping with catastrophic events determines their risk of acquiring PTSD. And not everyone will experience the same symptoms; some may suffer only a few mild symptoms for a short period of time, others may be completely absorbed, still others who experience great trauma may never develop any s ymptoms at all (Friedman). More than any other psychological problem, symptoms are a reaction to an overwhelming external event, or series of events. From a historical perspective, the concept of PTSD made a significant change in the usual stipulation that the cause of a disorder could be outside of the self, rather than some inherent individual weakness (Friedman).

Bibliography for History of Fashion

Bibliography Ribeiro, A. , 1995. The Art of Dress: Fashion in England and France in 1750 to 1820. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Tarrant, N. , 1994. The Development of Costume. London: Routledge Ribeiro, Aileen, 1983. A Visual History of Costume: The Eighteenth Century. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd. Cunnington, C. Willett, & Cunnington, P, 1972 Revised, A Handbook of English Costume in the 18th Century, Page 14, Northampton: John Dickens & Co. Ltd. Page 32 Kalinsky, N. , 1995. Gainsborough. London: Phaidon Press Ltd. Hayes, J. , 1975.Gainsborough: Paintings and Drawings. London: Phaidon Press Ltd. Solkin, D. H. , 2001. Art on the Line – The Royal Academy Exhibitions at Somerset House 1780 – 1836. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Contini, M. , Laver, J. , Ironside, J. , 1965. Fashion: From Ancient Egypt to the Present Day. London: Paul Hamlyn Ltd. Carter, E. , 1977. The Changing World of Fashion. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Koda, H. , 2003. God dess: The Classical Mode. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wendors, R. , 1996.Sir Joshua Reynolds: The Painter in Society. Harvard University Press, National Portrait Gallery Publications. Steegman, J. , 1933. Sir Joshua Reynolds. London & Southampton: The Camelot Press Ltd. Penny, N. , 1986. Reynolds. Royal Academy of Arts, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Rosenthal, M. , 1999. The Art of Thomas Gainsborough. New Haven: Yale University. Rosenthal, M. , Myrone, M. , 2002. Gainsborough. London: Tate Publishing. Colley, L. , 1986. The Politics of Eighteenth Century British History, Page 359, in The Journal of British Studies, Vol. 5, No. 4, Oct. , 1986, USA: University of Chicago Press. Levy, J. S. 1981. Alliance Formation and War Behavior: An Analysis of the Great Powers, 1495-1975, in The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 25, No. 4, Dec. , 1981 Burnaby, W. 1700. The Reform’d Wife. London: Thomas Bennett. Langford, P. , 1992. A Polite a nd Commercial People: England 1727 – 1783 (New Oxford History of England) Clarenden Press. ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form1853, Sir Joshua Reynolds. In The Illustrated Magazine of Art.Vol. 1, No. 3, 1853. Warner, M. , 1989. The Sources and Meaning of Reynolds's â€Å"Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces†, in Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1989 Francis, J. , 2002. The Three Graces: Composition and Meaning in a Roman Context, in Greece and Rome, Second Series, Vol. 49, No. 2. Joshua Reynolds: The Creation of Celebrity. Ed. Martin Postle. London: Tate Publishing, 2005. Anawalt, P. R. , 2007. The Worldwide History of Dress. New York, New York: Thames ; Hudson Inc.Buchanan, L. , 2007. Sarah Siddons and Her Place in Rhetorical History, in Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric. Vol. 25. , No. 4. Autumn 2007. U niversity of California Press. McPherson, H. , 2000. Picturing Tragedy: Mrs Siddons as the Tragic Muse Revisited, in Eighteenth Century Studies. Vol. 33. , No. 3. , Spring 2000. The Johns Hopkins University Press Weinsheime. J. , 1978. Mrs. Siddons, the Tragic Muse, and the Problem of as in The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Critic. Vol. 36. No. 3. Spring 1978